LESSON 1: Basic Sentence Structure (İngilizce Temel Cümle Yapısı)

 Parts of Sentences: Subject, Predicate, Object, Indirect Object, Complement

Every sentence requires at least a verb and a subject; a verb is an action, and a subject is the noun that does the action. 

Temel bir cümlede en azından bir özne (subject) ve bir fiil (verb) olmalıdır. Fiil öznesiz olmadığı gibi, özne de fiilsiz olmaz. İngilizcede, özne cümlede mutlaka belirtilir. Özne, fiili yani eylemi yapan isimdir. Özne bir canlı veya cansız bir isim olabildiği gibi, isimler yerine kullanılan I (ben), he (o), they (onlar), we (biz), you (sen, siz), this (bu) gibi bir zamir de olabilir. Cümle düzeni özne + fiil şeklindedir.

The two most basic parts of a sentence are the subject and predicate.

Subject (ÖZNE)

A noun that performs the action in a sentence is considered as the subject. It answers the question ‘who’ or in other words, a subject can be identified by asking the question ‘who’. A subject takes the first place in most cases, especially in declarative or assertive sentences.

For example:

• The child kept crying.
• Our school team won the match.
• My son is in the eighth grade.
• Hard work pays.
• No one came to the wedding.

• Subject + Verb

My father watches the news every evening.

(Babam her akşam haber seyreder)

We speak Turkish.

(Biz Türkçe konuşuruz)

Hüseyin will come tomorrow.

(Hüseyin yarın gelecek. Özne “Hüseyin”, fiil “will come”)

She is reading a book.

(O kitap okuyor. Özne “she”, fiil “is reading”)

The elephant lives in Africa.

(Fil Afrikada yaşar. Özne “the elephant”, fiil “lives”)

Verb (FİİL)

In every sentence the most important word can be said to be the verb. A verb shows action or activity or work done by the subject. Remember that all verbs including main verbs, helping verbs, stative verbs and action verbs come under this category. Most often, verbs appear immediately after the subject.

For example:

• Neena is writing a letter.
• It was too dark.
• I feel tired.
• My phone is not working.
• Tarun’s dog ran away.

• Verb + object

I like football a lot.

(Ben futbolu çok severim. Özne (I) + fiil (like) + nesne (football))

John is reading a book.

(John bir kitap okuyor. Özne (John) + fiil (is reading)+ nesne (a book))

He brushes his teeth every day.

(O her gün dişini fırçalar. Özne (He) + fiil (brushes)+ nesne (his teeth) )

They draw pictures in the workshop.

(Onlar atelyede resim çizerler. Özne (they) + fiil (draw)+ nesne (pictures))

Examples of Sentence Structure

Looking at examples will help you understand how each sentence structure works. So, here are a few examples for you.

SV

• The stars / are shining.

Subject / Verb

• The birds / are chirping.

Subject / Verb

• It / is raining.

Subject / Verb

SVO

• Children / love / ice creams.

Subject / Verb / Object

• Noah / does not like / bitter gourd.

Subject / Verb / Object

• I / have / a pencil.

Subject / Verb / Object

EXAMPLES

They sit on the bench.

We often walk in the forest.

The boys are playing hockey.

He does his homework at the kitchen table.

They usually go to bed at 9:30.

Frank and Robert meet after school.

They visited Greece two weeks ago.

The children went swimming yesterday.

My sister had dinner with Gerry.

She plays games in her room.

Ryan works in the garden on Saturdays.